New Publication of Research with gSKIN® Heat Flux Sensors

Scientists at Harvard University used greenTEG’s heat flux sensors in research to improve the design of pores in building materials to efficiently temper incoming fresh air. The research has been published in Energy and Buildings.

Breathing Walls: The Design of Porous Materials for Heat Exchange and Decentralized Ventilation
By Salmaan Craiga, b,  and Jonathan Grinhamb, c 
(a Harvard Center for Green Buildings and Cities, b Harvard University Graduate School of Design, c Materials Processes + Systems Group @ Harvard GSD)

Abstract

This study demonstrates how to design pores in building materials so that incoming fresh air can be efficiently tempered with low-grade heat while conduction losses are kept to a minimum. Any base material can be used in principle, so long as it can be manufactured with millimeter-scale air channels. The channel-pores are optimized according to the thermal conductivity of the base material, the dimensions of the panel, and the suction pressure sustained by a given fan or a chimney. A water circuit is integrated at the interior surface to ensure direct thermal contact and prevent radiant discomfort. Correlations from the thermal sciences literature were used to optimize the size and distribution of channel-pores in wood, glass, and concrete test panels. The measurements showed good agreement with theory and were presented in a general form so that designers can predict the steady-state performance of any optimal design in sensible heat-transfer mode. Schlieren imaging was used to characterize the different regimes of mixed convection at the interior and exterior surface. The data explain the discrepancy between prediction and measurement in the dynamic insulation literature, and how the integrated water circuit overcomes these problems. Surface heat-flux measurements were correlated in a general form so that designers can account for convection at the interior and exterior surface.